The outcome of business operations is the harvest in terms of value from the assets owned by a business. An example
of value derived from a physical asset, like a building is rent. An example of value derived from an intangible
asset, like an idea is a royalty. The effort involved in “harvesting” this value is what constitutes business
operations cycles.
Business operation encompasses three fundamental management imperatives that collectively aim to maximize value
harvested from business assets:
1. Generate recurring income
2. Increase the value of the business assets
3. Secure the income and value of the business

Business Plans :
is one of the most essential parts of running a business irrespective of big or small ventures.
Undoubtedly, to initiate a project is easy, but without careful planning, it is like setting off on a journey to an
unknown destination without a roadmap. You might manage to make it to your destination eventually, but don’t be
surprised if you get really lost on the way! As a small business owner it is very tempting to neglect planning
altogether, especially if you are the only person in the company. After all, planning can be a time-consuming
process and for small business owners time spent planning is likely to be time when they are not earning any money.
But the benefits of good planning will far outweigh any temporary loss of earnings.
Incorporation and Registration:
USA Business Type

-
Sole
proprietorship:
A business consisting of a single owner, not in a separately recognized business form.
General
partnership:
A partnership in which all the partners are jointly liable for the debts of the partnership. It is
typically created by agreement rather than being created by a public filing.
LP (Limited
Partnership):
A partnership where at least one partner has unlimited liability and one or more partners have
limited liability.
LLP:
(Limited Liability Partnership): A partnership where a partner’s liability for the debts of the
partnership is limited except in the case of liability for acts of professional negligence or
malpractices. In some states, LLPs may only be formed for the purpose of practicing a licensed
profession, typically attorneys, accountants and architects.
LLLP:
(Limited Liability Limited Partnership): A combination of LP and LLP, available in some states.
LLC:
LC, Ltd. Co.(Limited Liability Company): A form of business whose owners enjoy limited liability,
but which is not a corporation.
PLLC:
(Professional Limited Liability Company): Some states do not allow certain professionals to form an
LLC which can limit the liability that results from the services the professionals provide. These
include: Doctors and expertise from medical care, lawyers and legal advisors, accounting
professionals.
Corp.,Inc:
(Corporation, Incorporated): Used to denote corporations (public or otherwise). These are the only
terms universally accepted by all 51 corporations chartering jurisdictions in the United States.
PC or P.C. (Professional
Corporations):
Are those corporate entities for which many corporation statutes make special provision, regulating
the use of the corporate form by licensed professionals such as attorneys, architects, accountants,
and doctors.
Doing Business As(DBA)
:
Denotes a business name used by a person or entity that is different from the person’s or entity’s
true name. Filing requirements vary and are not permitted for some types of businesses or
professional practices. DBAs can be sole proprietorships, or can be used by corporate entities to
reserve “brand names”, such as those of chain stores owned and operated by a holding company or
other umbrella.
Business Structures
-
SP (Sole Proprietorship)
:
A simple structure in business.
GP (General Partnership)
:
An investment structure, limiting both the liability and the participation of the investor. An
investor who takes an active role will be deemed a general partner and become exposed to unlimited
liability.
LP (Limited Partnership)
:
( limited partnership ) : a partnership where at least one partner has unlimited liability and one
or more partners have limited liability.
Corporation :
The most popular Canadian business structure is the corporation. This is a company which has an
entity separate from its owners and must pay taxes separately as well.
Joint Venture :
A business activity shared by two or more business entities. The joint venture’s activities must be
finite in terms of either time or scope.
India Business Structure
-
Sole Proprietorship :
liability is unlimited.
Partnership :
liability is joint and unlimited. Active and Sleeping Partners concepts.
Limited Liability
PartnershipLiability is limited.
HUF (Hindu Undivided
Family)
businesses owned by a joint family belonging to Hindu religion.
Cooperative
Family Owned
Business</strong >
Pvt. Ltd. (Private
Limited Company) May have 200 shareholders; shares are held privately and can not be
offered to public.
Ltd. Public Limited
Company
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